Forget the binary between work/study visas and passports, it's a matter of specific context and international agreements.
The applicant's nationality and bilateral treaties can completely change the game, much more than the simple reason for the trip.
A Swiss citizen does not face the same administrative constraints for a job in Germany as an Egyptian, even if both are coming to work.
The hierarchy of requirements is not fixed; it depends on who is traveling and where more than just the "why" on paper.