The idea that people check their documents in advance or at the last minute is a false debate; the real question is not timing, but the ability to improvise.
We ignore the third way which is about how people adapt when an unforeseen event occurs, regardless of initial preparation.
Instead of focusing on procrastination, we should understand the support mechanisms or available alternatives when plan A fails, like a passport that doesn't come out on time or a canceled flight.
A survey doesn't capture this; for example, someone with a good network could handle a passport emergency in a few hours, stress-free, even at the last minute.