Choosing three travel platforms for an in-depth comparative analysis is good publicity, but it's not enough to understand the market.
It tells us nothing about what motivates people to choose a destination, nor about local habits.
In Japan, for example, many bookings, especially for traditional ryokan, are still made by phone or in agencies.
An app, no matter how glossy its interface, won't change these real behaviors and the preferences for human contact that still exist.